President Rodrigo Duterte says he wants to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies, especially among the poor.
His executive order is expected to face fierce opposition from the Roman Catholic Church.
Mr Duterte's predecessor had to fight for years to pass a bill extending the use of contraceptives in the country.
But the Supreme Court placed a temporary ban on the distribution of contraceptive implants under the law in 2015 after complaints from anti-abortion groups. The government has appealed.
