Mohammad Karim, said to be aged around 60, was held in central Ghor province as he claimed her parents gave him the six-year-old girl as a "religious offering", officials said.
But officials cited the family of the girl — believed to be in shock — as saying that she was abducted from western Herat province, bordering Iran.
"This girl does not speak, but repeats only one thing: 'I am afraid of this man'," said head of the women affairs department in Ghor, Masoom Anwari.